The 7812 is a linear voltage regulator IC (integrated circuit) that is part of the 78xx series of voltage regulators. Specifically, the 7812 is designed to provide a fixed output voltage of +12 volts. These regulators are commonly used in electronic circuits to provide a stable and regulated DC voltage from an unregulated DC power source. Here are some key features and specifications of the 7812 voltage regulator:
Voltage Regulation: The 7812 is designed to provide a constant output voltage of +12 volts, regardless of variations in the input voltage or load conditions.
Output Current: The maximum output current that the 7812 can supply depends on the specific model and package, but it is typically in the range of 1A to 1.5A.
Input Voltage Range: The input voltage should be higher than the desired output voltage by a certain amount, known as the dropout voltage. For the 7812, the typical dropout voltage is around 2 volts. Therefore, the input voltage should be at least 14 volts for proper regulation.
Output Voltage Accuracy: The output voltage is accurate within a specified tolerance, usually around ±2%, ensuring a stable and precise output.
Thermal Overload Protection: The 7812 often includes internal thermal shutdown protection to prevent damage due to excessive heat. If the temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the regulator will shut down until it cools down.
Short Circuit Protection: The IC may include short circuit protection to prevent damage in case of a short circuit on the output.
Package Type: The 7812 is available in various package types, including TO-220 and TO-3, among others. The package type affects the regulator's thermal performance and ease of mounting to a heatsink.
Applications: The 7812 is commonly used in a variety of electronic circuits where a stable +12V power supply is required. It finds applications in power supplies for electronic devices, battery chargers, and other low to moderate power applications.
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