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MSP430F2131 Datasheet(PDF) 9 Page - ATMEL Corporation

Part # MSP430F2131
Description  Innovative Techniques for Extremely Low Power Consumption with 8-bit Microcontrollers
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Manufacturer  ATMEL [ATMEL Corporation]
Direct Link  http://www.atmel.com
Logo ATMEL - ATMEL Corporation

MSP430F2131 Datasheet(HTML) 9 Page - ATMEL Corporation

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LOW POWER TECHNIQUES FOR MICROCONTROLLERS
9
7903A – AVR – 2006/02
Active Mode Power Consumption Techniques Incorporated by
picoPower Technology
In theory, digital CMOS logic consumes power only when the logical signals or the clock
signals are toggling. A signal is toggled when it has a transition from “0” to “1” or a
transition from “1” to “0”. When all the digital signals are static, like in Power Down mode,
only leakage current and current used to enabled analog modules is consumed.
The power consumption in an MCU can be calculated with the following equation:
P = ½ * FToggle * CLoad * VDD2
Where FToggle is the toggling frequency, CLoad is the capacitive load and VDD is the supply
voltage. In addition a small adder is made by the digital logic’s leakage current and the
current consumed by analog modules in idle mode but this minor components in active
current consumption.
Toggling Frequency
The toggling frequency for a given device can be seen as the number of gates toggling to
achieve a certain task. This can be reduced by minimizing both the number of gates and
the number of times each gate needs to toggle.
Clock Gating
Clock gating is used to reduce the toggling frequency. A clock signal can be stopped using
a gating element. Any clock distribution or clock domain that is gated is frozen and won’t
consume any power. A gating element must handle any spike issue on the clock signal.
The principle of clock gating is depicted in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Clock gating principle


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