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12101C474KAT2A Datasheet(PDF) 91 Page - AVX Corporation |
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12101C474KAT2A Datasheet(HTML) 91 Page - AVX Corporation |
91 / 99 page 90 General Description Typical Cap. Change vs. D.C. Volts X7R Typical Cap. Change vs. Temperature X7R Effects of Time – Class 2 ceramic capacitors change capacitance and dissipation factor with time as well as temperature, voltage and frequency. This change with time is known as aging. Aging is caused by a gradual re-alignment of the crystalline structure of the ceramic and produces an exponential loss in capacitance and decrease in dissipation factor versus time. A typical curve of aging rate for semistable ceramics is shown in Figure 6. If a Class 2 ceramic capacitor that has been sitting on the shelf for a period of time, is heated above its curie point, (125°C for 4 hours or 150°C for 1⁄2 hour will suffice) the part will de-age and return to its initial capacitance and dissi-pation factor readings. Because the capacitance changes rapidly, immediately after de-aging, the basic capacitance measurements are normally referred to a time period sometime after the de-aging process. Various manufacturers use different time bases but the most popular one is one day or twenty-four hours after “last heat.” Change in the aging curve can be caused by the application of voltage and other stresses. The possible changes in capacitance due to de-aging by heating the unit explain why capacitance changes are allowed after test, such as temperature cycling, moisture resistance, etc., in MIL specs. The application of high voltages such as dielectric withstanding voltages also tends to de-age capacitors and is why re-reading of capacitance after 12 or 24 hours is allowed in military specifications after dielectric strength tests have been performed. Effects of Frequency – Frequency affects capacitance and impedance characteristics of capacitors. This effect is much more pronounced in high dielectric constant ceramic formulation than in low K formulations. AVX’s SpiCap software generates impedance, ESR, series inductance, series resonant frequency and capacitance all as functions of frequency, temperature and DC bias for standard chip sizes and styles. It is available free from AVX and can be downloaded for free from AVX website: www.avx.com. 25% 50% 75% 100% Percent Rated Volts 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 0VDC -55 -35 -15 +5 +25 +45 +65 +85 +105 +125 Temperature Degrees Centigrade +20 +10 0 -10 -20 -30 Figure 4 Figure 5 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 Hours +1.5 0 -1.5 -3.0 -4.5 -6.0 -7.5 Characteristic Max. Aging Rate %/Decade C0G (NP0) X7R, X5R Y5V None 2 7 Figure 6 Typical Curve of Aging Rate X7R |
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