ERR

ERR

1.004

1.008

T

273.15

100 C

1.008

T

1.48 C

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24

TMP451-Q1

SLOS877B – OCTOBER 2014 – REVISED JUNE 2019

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Copyright © 2014–2019, Texas Instruments Incorporated

Typical Application (continued)

For η = 1.004 and T(°C) = 100°C:

(5)

If a discrete transistor is used as the remote temperature sensor with the TMP451-Q1, the best accuracy can be

achieved by selecting the transistor according to the following criteria:

1. Base-emitter voltage > 0.25 V at 7.5 μA, at the highest sensed temperature.

2. Base-emitter voltage < 0.95 V at 120 μA, at the lowest sensed temperature.

3. Base resistance < 100

Ω.

Based on this criteria, two recommended small-signal transistors are the 2N3904 (NPN) or 2N3906 (PNP).

8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure

The local temperature sensor inside the TMP451-Q1 device monitors the ambient air around the device. The

thermal time constant for the TMP451-Q1 device is approximately two seconds. This constant implies that if the

ambient air changes quickly by 100°C, it would take the TMP451-Q1 device about 10 seconds (that is, five

thermal time constants) to settle to within 1°C of the final value. In most applications, the TMP451-Q1 package is

in electrical, and therefore thermal, contact with the printed circuit board (PCB), as well as subjected to forced

airflow. The accuracy of the measured temperature directly depends on how accurately the PCB and forced

airflow temperatures represent the temperature that the TMP451-Q1 is measuring. Additionally, the internal

power dissipation of the TMP451-Q1 can cause the temperature to rise above the ambient or PCB temperature.

The internal power dissipated as a result of exciting the remote temperature sensor is negligible because of the

small currents used. For a 3.3-V supply and maximum conversion rate of 16 conversions per second, the

temperature to rise approximately 0.09°C above the ambient.

The temperature measurement accuracy of the TMP451-Q1 device depends on the remote and/or local

temperature sensor being at the same temperature as the system point being monitored. Clearly, if the

temperature sensor is not in good thermal contact with the part of the system being monitored, then there will be

a delay in the response of the sensor to a temperature change in the system. For remote temperature-sensing

applications using a substrate transistor (or a small, SOT23 transistor) placed close to the device being

monitored, this delay is usually not a concern.

8.2.3 Application Curves

The following curves show the performance capabilities of the TMP451-Q1 device. Figure 20 shows the accuracy

performance in an oil-bath temperature drift of a population of 16 standrard 2N3906 transistors measured in a

diode-connected configuration. Figure 21 shows the typical step response to a submerging of a sensor in an oil

bath with temperature of 100°C.